International Organizational Behaviour

Acquaintance Globalization has driven with an expansion in the quantity of multi-social associations everywhere throughout the world. Thusly, enlistment of representatives has become a worldwide action with in any event 25 †30% of a company’s workforce having a place with various social foundations (Persing, 1999). Such associations face the test of grasping the social assorted variety and utilizing it to advance productivity.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on International Organizational Behavior explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cultural decent variety alludes to the â€Å"representation, in one social framework, of individuals with particularly unique gathering affiliations of social significance† (White, 1999). Different ideas have been advanced, most remarkably by Edward T. Lobby, to clarify the methodologies that various societies have towards time and correspondence at the work place. A culture might be low setting or h igh setting relying upon how much they depend on things other than words to pass on significance. Given that in a low setting society, nothing remains to risk, there is almost no space for false impressions to happen (Hall, 2003). In many examples, low setting society will give clear clarifications that don't bear any concealed importance (Gamsriegler, 2005). On account of a high setting society, numerous choices exist that permit individuals to grasp what is said (Gamsriegler, 2005). Utilizing Hall’s arrangement, societies may likewise be either monochronic or polychronic relying upon their impression of time. In monochromic societies, time plans are significant and must be followed carefully (Moseley, 2009). This isn't so with polychronic societies where individuals place a more noteworthy incentive on close to home association instead of completing things on schedule (Moseley, 2009). By understanding these various discernments, worldwide associations can check a portion of the issues they face from having a socially assorted workforce. Such issues incorporate generalizing, ethnocentrism just as strife among individualistic and aggregate ways to deal with task fruition. Directors of such multi-social gatherings must demonstrate a solid responsibility to urging decent variety so as to accomplish amicability in the work environment (White, 1999). Understanding global hierarchical conduct through energy about social assorted variety at the work spot won't just decrease issues looked by the association yet in addition upgrade cohesion.Advertising Looking for paper on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Low Context versus High Context Cultures in International Organizations Context can be alluded to as â€Å"information that encompasses a correspondence and passes on a message† (Moseley, 2009). Lobby separated societies into high setting and low setting societies. Insta nces of high setting societies are the Japanese, Arabian and Chinese societies while the Swiss and Scandinavian societies are viewed as low setting (Moseley, 2009). Low setting societies are thought to show less natural comprehension and are along these lines considered moderate or less effective in contrast with high setting societies (Gamsriegler, 2005). In high setting societies individuals don't expressly state what they need yet like to shrink away from the real issue until another person gets the chance to comprehend what the person in question is attempting to state (Gamsriegler 2005). Inside a high setting society, greater part of the correspondence utilizes non-verbal signs. A ton of accentuation is put on non-verbal communication not at all like in the low setting society where larger part of the correspondence is verbal (Hall, 2011). While words convey such a great amount of weight in a low setting society, there is little accentuation on the selection of words when manag ing high setting societies (Advameg, 2011). Low setting societies esteem gets that are substantial and may seem to be doubting. The high setting societies will anyway go into verbal agreements and will in general worth individual connections more than their partners. High-setting societies are known to shape broad systems with companions, family members, family just as their customers that are both close and individual (O’Hara-Devereaux Johansen, 1994). They esteem the information from these connections which goes to frame a reason for their correspondence by offering importance to occasions and interchanges. Most definitely, groupings by people are conceivable to such a degree, that a considerable amount of data is vital for one to perceive the significance of what is being said (O’Hara-Devereaux Johansen, 1994). While low setting societies are portrayed by encounters, high setting societies will in general adopt a progressively gracious strategy (Advameg, 2011). As f or time and adaptability, the low setting society is like the monochronic culture while the high setting society is like the polychronic culture. The low setting society adores time and underscores plans while the high setting society is progressively open and adaptable (Hall, 2011).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on International Organizational Behavior explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The low setting society will want to fulfill time constraints at whatever cost rather than the high setting society where cutoff times are not unchangeable. The general absence of particularity related with high setting societies and the strict idea of low setting societies is a likely wellspring of contact inside any association. Monochronic versus Polychronic Cultures in International Organizations â€Å"The treatment of time is one of the key components of culture† (Missana, n.d.) and this is the thing that isolates monochronic and polychronic societi es. Corridor in his book â€Å"The Silent Language† composes a part on time regarding social correspondence demonstrating how the distinctive social perspectives on time can influence the work dynamic in an association. An exemplary case of the monochronic culture is the American culture that perspectives time as something fixed in nature (Missana, n.d.). The French, then again, are a case of a polychronic culture (Hall, 2011). Inside an association, monochronic societies will in general lean toward finishing each undertaking in turn instead of performing various tasks like their partners (Dahl, 2007). This may introduce an issue when both are cooperating on a venture as they would presumably not concede to what should be done first. Another distinction between the two societies is that monochronic societies will in general put work before connections dissimilar to polychronic societies (Hall, 2011). The polychron will joyfully set work aside to sit down to talk with an assoc iate, answer to an email or make a call. This is anyway blasphemy to a monochron (Hahn, 2011). In polychronic associations, the coordinated cooperation between a chief and their subordinate supports transparency and the arrangement of exceptionally customized connections which is helpful to the association (Advameg, 2011). Interestingly, monochronic associations are more outcome situated and there is almost no communication between the chief and their subordinates. While monochronic societies will in general worth time calendars and adhere to their responsibilities strictly, the polychronic ones couldn't care less much about time and plans and would prefer to work in an increasingly loosened up condition (O’hara-Devereaux Johansen, 1994).Advertising Searching for article on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Also, monochrons detach their exercises from association and measure errands in yield per time; polychrons will anyway incorporate exercises into the association all in all and measure undertakings as a component of by and large authoritative objectives (Dahl, 2007). In addition, while monochronic individuals have a high respect for individual property and protection, polychronic individuals tend not to esteem security so much and get and loan a lot simpler than monochronic individuals (O’Hara-Devereaux Johansen, 1994). These are a portion of the distinctions that can cause noteworthy pressure inside a worldwide association with both polychronic and monochronic societies inside its workforce. Issues of Low/High Context Cultures and Monochronic/Polychronic Cultures Poor Communication relies upon the setting that encompasses the correspondence. Thus, the more the communicator and beneficiary offer in like manner, the higher the setting of their correspondence and the lower the r equirement for words (Advameg, 2011). In a high setting society, there is less requirement for clarifications and tedium. For a universal association, this may have a few downsides, the most noteworthy being an absence of comprehension between the two people of various societies. Low setting societies disdain unclearness and vagueness and favor a straight forward methodology rather (Advameg, 2011). Take, for example, the Japanese and German societies. The Japanese are high setting people instead of the low setting Germans and consequently they will encounter circumstances in an unexpected way (Gamsriegler, 2005). The Japanese are commonly shut disapproved to outside data, profoundly emotional, center around the particular as opposed to on the general and foresee others’ needs by giving significantly more consideration to the setting than to the express message passed on by their conversationalist (Gamsriegler, 2005). A German then again can not effectively recognize oneself w ith the worries of others. The individual just acknowledges target realities as truth and overlooks every enthusiastic articulation or sentiments of their questioner in an exchange (Gamsriegler, 2005). The diverse impression of time by these two societies can prompt poor correspondence if for example the manager is a monochron and their subordinate is a polychron. A monochronic sys

Features of Natural Moral Law & Dicuss Whether Its Strengths

Look at THE KEY FEATURES OF NATURAL MORAL LAW and DICUSS WHETHER ITS STRENGTHS OUTWEIGH ITS WEAKNESSES Natural Law has attaches that stem back to Ancient Greece, and it was Aristotle who truly made the methodology. It was additionally portrayed in Sophocles’ play Antigone, where the hero asserts her entitlement to cover her sibling in spite of the King (Creon) requesting that he be taken care of to hounds. Antigone, (the hero) broadcasted this since she accepted that there was a higher law than the King’s, especially, Natural Law.However, it was not until the thirteenth Century until Thomas Aquinas built up its key highlights, that it was in reality more generally perceived as an ethical hypothesis. At the point when we center around the beneficiary of the common law, that is, us individuals, the recommendation of Aquinas' characteristic law hypothesis that goes to the cutting edge is that the Natural law builds up the fundamental standards of handy soundness for people , and has this status by Nature. These are to be followed all around, as Cicero puts it; it is ‘one unceasing and unchangeable law will be substantial for all countries and all times’.According to Aquinas, all people look for good and when we foul up or fiendish, it is simply because we are just looking for ‘apparent’ products and not genuine merchandise. Things being what they are, we could ask ourselves, how does Aquinas characterize a ‘real’ decent? A genuine decent is the point at which the said ‘good’ falls under the five essential statutes. These are: self-safeguarding and conservation of blameless people, instructing youngsters, living in the public arena, recreating and revering God. Aquinas likewise accepted that we can utilize our objectivity to know Natural Law.It is innate inside our human instinct, God uncovers explicit orders however these don't conflict with characteristic law yet rather, further create it. Aquinas s aid that an ethical life is a real existence totally followed ‘according to reason’. Aquinas took into consideration the Aristotelian understanding that the specifics of the circumstance consistently exceed one's principles, with the goal that one will consistently require the good and scholarly temperances so as to act well. Yet, he denies that this implies there are no standards of right lead that hold all over the place and consistently and some even absolutely.On Aquinas' view, slaughtering of the honest is never right, as is lying, infidelity, homosexuality, and sacrilege; and that they are never right involves regular law. Consequently, Natural law is outright, however without a doubt, we can ask ourselves, shouldn't something be said about twofold impact? Consider the possibility that a perishing mother needed to give a premature birth to protect her life. For Aquinas, there are two key highlights of the common law, includes the affirmation of which structures hi s conversation of the characteristic law.The first is that, when we center around God's job as the provider of the normal law, the regular law is only one part of awesome provision; thus the hypothesis of common law is from that point of view only one section among others of the hypothesis of celestial fortune. The second is that, when we center around the human's job as beneficiary of the regular law, the common law comprises the standards of useful discernment, those standards by which human activity is to be decided as sensible or irrational; thus the hypothesis of normal law is from that viewpoint the transcendent piece of the hypothesis of handy rationality.Whilst Natural law might be an especially simple, widespread hypothesis that can obviously be trailed by all individuals it has inadequacies. Started FIRST WITH STOICS IN THE WEST THIS IS ONE OF THE FIRST ‘HYBRID THEORY’ HUMAN REASONING + DIVINE COMMANDS THE 13TH CENTURY WAS A GOLDEN AGE FOR CATHOLICISM, RULED B Y THE IDEA OF REVELATION/FAITH/PRIESTHOOD THOMAS AQUINAS REASONED THAT WE ARE MADE IN THE IMAGE OF GOD THAT HE GRANTED US REASONING AND THAT WE CAN USE THIS REASONING THAT LINKS WITH PHILOSOPHY WHICH OVERLAPS WITH FAITH/DIVINE COMMANDS. REASON IS 1+1=2.AQUINAS SAID WE CAN USE HUMAN REASON TO PROVE THE EXISTENCE OF GOD. DIVINE LAW †THIS COMES FROM GOD. General LAW = NATURAL LAW BROKEN DOWN INTO HUMAN LAWS. Amusingly, all the essential statutes are tied in with sustaining the human race†¦ DOUBLE EFFECT STATES THAT IF IN ORDER TO GOOD YOU HAVE TO DO ‘LESSER/UNINTENDED EVIL’ ONE MAY PROCEED BUT IT HAS TO UNINTENTIONAL. Regular LAW DEFENDS THE JUST WAR THEORY †CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IS ALLOWED/JUSTICE WHAT ABOUT HOMOSEXUALITY? THEY’RE VIOLATING PRINCIPLE NUMBER 2 †PROCREATION BUT NEITHER WOULD BIRTH CONTROL OR CELIBACY.JUSTICE (LEGALISTIC)/EQUALITY/REASON-BASED/CONCISE IT CAN TELL YOU WHAT TO DO IN ALMOST ANY MORAL DILEMMA UNIVERSAL. On the off chance that THERE IS A GOD, JUSTICE WILL BE ASSURED. Consequently, EVEN IF YOU SUFFER BY FOLLOWING NATURAL LAW, BALANCE WILL BE DEALT. GOD MAKES SURE THAT THE INNOCENT ARE VINDICATED AND GUILTY ARE PUNISHED. CONS: NO GRACE, MERCY OR FORGIVENESS ALLOWED. ‘AN EYE FOR AN EYE, A TOOTH FOR A TOOTH’. A LIFE FOR A LIFE BECAUSE IT IS A REASON BASED THEORY, IT CAN BE Rationalized AND CAN BE SUBJECTIVE.BY USING DOUBLE EFFECT YOU COULD Rationalize ALMOST ANY Behavior YOU WANT. Conception prevention IS A BAD THING. In any case, WHAT ABOUT IN AFRICA, HIV/AIDS ETC. Impact YOUR SELF PRESERVATION. Sincere belief OF NATURAL LAW †IT CAN BE MASSAGED INTO JUSTIFYING ALMOST ANYTHING BY THINKING ABOUT IT. I LIKE AQUINAS I LIKE ITS SIMPLICITY BUT THE WORLD IS NOT THAT NEAT AND TIDY, THE RULES ARE TOO VAGUE. I DON’T WANT TO LIVE IN A WORLD WHERE THERE ARE NO SECOND CHANCES. ‘AN EYE FOR AN EYE WILL LEAVE THE WHOLE WORLD BLIND. ’

My MIT Essay Revisions

My MIT Essay Revisions Note: all of my MIT essays can be found online so if youre curious as to what the other ones were, you can easily find them! When applying to MIT, I knew I really, really had to write some damn good essays because I didnt feel like I had the stats and awards to bolster me up to acceptance level material. I wanted to give a short rundown of what my essay writing process was like for me since I get a lot of questions as to how to start the essay. Of course, its different for everyone. But I found that this is what worked best for me. Its typically better of a supplemental essay approach, which probably explains why my Common Application essay was so shit, but regardless! I started writing my essays in early August. I started by writing down everything I wanted MIT to know about me important extracurriculars, mandatory tidbits and facts, quirks and personality points, etc. 1. Create a list of everything you want to include in your applications.   My list looked a little something like this: bioengineering nonprofit organization equality in STEM and social justice music Filipino identity Boeing internship I left out a bit more of the personal details, but really, this was the essence of my application. Then, I took each important part and allotted it to a specific essay question, just to ensure that all of me, or at least nearly all of me would be incorporated into my application somehow. 2. Assign each bullet point to an essay. Dont worry, you can move it around later, but just put in what makes the most sense to you. I quickly assigned each bit to the 5 MIT essays, resulting in: bioengineering Essay #2: Although you may not yet know what you want to major in, which department or program at MIT appeals to you and why? (100 words or fewer) nonprofit organization ??? equality in STEM and social justice Essay #3: At MIT, we bring people together to better the lives of others. MIT students work to improve their communities in different ways, from tackling the world’s biggest challenges to being a good friend. Describe one way in which you have contributed to your community, whether in your family, the classroom, your neighborhood, etc. (200-250 words) music Essay #1: We know you lead a busy life, full of activities, many of which are required of you. Tell us about something you do simply for the pleasure of it. (100 words or fewer) Filipino identity Essay #4: Describe the world you come from; for example, your family, clubs, school, community, city, or town. How has that world shaped your dreams and aspirations? (200-250 words) Boeing internship ??? All I was really missing was Essay #5: Tell us about the most significant challenge you’ve faced or something important that didn’t go according to plan. How did you manage the situation? (200-250 words). In fact, I didnt finalize the final draft of this essay until 20 minutes before the MIT deadline. For some reason, I found this essay the most challenging of all of them (ironically).01 Wouldve been pretty meta to write an essay on the most significant challenge on that essay being my most significant challenge.   Regardless, I began to write. 3. Write. Write. Write. Do  not pay attention to word limit. The editing can come later. Write down your full, complete responses to the essay. Write multiple versions of it. Write everything that come to mind. Generate as much information as you possibly can. Heres my first draft of Essay #4 from September 14th: “I am large, I contain multitudes.” As the only daughter of a single Filipino mother, my experiences growing up seemed to differ from those of other kids.   I remember only thinking that everyone had only one parent, and if you happened to have both, you chose which one you lived with.   I remember looking at the sea of ethnicities of my classmates and feeling a loneliness in being the only Filipino. I remember having to create friends out of inanimate objectspillowcases, stuffed animals, treesto combat the solitude of being an only child.   I come from a world where creativity was my weapon against loneliness, where a family was not composed of a mama and a dada, but a mama and her mama (my grandmother), where being Filipino was a mark of “other” onto my skin.   I was not one of the Big Three. I was no Korea, China, or Japan, but instead, an insignificant splash of islands messily painted onto a globe.   I grew up hating my culture; from feeling a hot shame whenever my grandparents’ accents rang harshly in a conversation to avoiding bringing Filipino food to school because I couldn’t bear the embarrassment of having to explain what it was, I attempted to distance myself from a heritage I wanted no part in. It wasn’t until I went to high school, where I met my friends (Kellen, Savana, and Lauren) who found incredible pride in their backgrounds and had an intense curiosity for my own background, that I started to open up more.   I told them about Filipino foods, to which they responded with great awe and want to taste it. I told them about our history, a history of being conquered and colonized over and over again to where our identities were a mesh of other cultures, yet amidst that all, we made it our own.   I told them about growing up around Tagalog and taught them words so they could discreetly insult other people in my language and continued to talk and talk and talk until one day, I realized that maybe it wasn’t so bad being who I was. However, it wasn’t until my mother came to me in my sophomore year with a request to help her friend from the Philippines gather books for three schools she sponsored.   I decided to invite Lauren, Savana, and Kellen to help me. We prepared fo r five months, planning a month long book drive at our middle school to fundraise. In those five months, we designed a logo, wrote out mission statements, made brochures, e-mailed administrators back and forth, and gave our nonprofit organization a name The Literacy Movement. The drive was a success and soon enough, we found ourselves with plane tickets to visit the Philippines for two weeks to give the books to the schools ourselves.   Those two weeks in the Philippines changed my outlook on Filipino lifestyle and culture forever.   The students in the Philippines had an incredible passion and dedication to their education, traveling miles upon miles, whether barefoot or in flimsy chinelas (flip-flops), through the jungle-like terrain to go to school.   They combatted the struggles of living in an impoverished neighborhood through camaraderie and positivity. When we assisted in a feeding program at the Philippines, giving out cups of soup to each child that approached the door, I saw kids run back to their homes and return with their family and friends so that they could get a portion of the food, too.   There was an incredible sense of community in the Philippines that I will remember forever and it reminded me that while the Filipino people did not have much physically, we had a lot to give emotionally. Our culture was one of giving back, and I felt it was my duty to give as much as I could to these people. They let us into their own lives and own worlds, showing us bits and pieces of what it was like to live like them, and it was only fair that we gave them all we could, not only in books, but in our returned kindness and appreciation. Being in that environment, surrounded by people who shared my roots yet lived an entirely different life, sparked not only a want to return to the Philippines and visit those same schools again, but a pride in my people and my culture and a confidence in my identity. 4. Read. Critique. Edit.   This isnt the part where you cut down just yet. Instead, this step is dedicated to solidifying really good ideas and stories, making sure that you have all the ingredients needed to make a good essay. I was lucky enough to have really talented editors help me identify weaker parts of my essay. The main critique for this first one was my comparison of Asian countries against the Philippines and having too negative of an overall tone for a college essay. Which I get. Draft 2, October 5th: “I am large, I contain multitudes.” As the only daughter of a single Filipino mother, my experiences growing up seemed to differ from those of other kids.   I remember only thinking that everyone had only one parent, and if you happened to have both, you chose which one you lived with.   I remember looking at the sea of ethnicities of my classmates and feeling a loneliness in being the only Filipino. I remember having to create friends out of inanimate objectspillowcases, stuffed animals, treesto combat the solitude of being an only child. I come from a world where creativity was my weapon against loneliness, where a family was not composed of a mama and a dada, but a mama and her mama (my grandmother), where being Filipino was a mark of “other” onto my skin.   I was not one of the Big Three.   I was no Korea, China, or Japan, but instead, an insignificant splash of islands messily painted onto a globe. I grew up hating my culture; from feeling a hot shame whenever my grandparents’ accents rang harshly in a conversation to avoiding bringing Filipino food to school because I couldn’t bear the embarrassment of having to explain what it was, I attempted to distance myself from a heritage I wanted no part in. I grew up hating my culture, my insignificance. It wasn’t until I went to high school,I started to open up more wheren I met my friends Kellen, Savana, and Lauren in high school(Kellen, Savana, and Lauren) , who found incredible pride in their backgrounds and had an intense curiosity for my own background, that I started to open up moreasked me about mine.   I told them about Filipino foods, to which they responded with great awe and want to taste it.   I told them about our Filipinohistory, a history of being conquered and colonized over and over againcolonization to the point where our identities were a mesh of other culturesstrange amalgamation of a the world, yet amidst that all, we made it our ownuniquely Filipino.   I told them about growing up around Tagalog and taught them words so they could discreetly insult other people in my language andand Filipino foods and our traditions and continued to talk and talk and talk and talk until one day, I realized that maybe it wasn’t so bad being who I wasrealized that my culture was one to be proud of.   However, it wasn’t until When my mother came to me in my sophomore year with a request to help her friend from the Philippines gather books for three schools she sponsored, .  Idecided to invited Lauren, Savana, and Kellen to help me.   We prepared a month long book drive at our middle school to fundraisefor five months, planning a month long book drive at our middle school to fundraise.   In those five months, we designed designing a our ownlogo, wrote out mission statements, made brochures creating brochures, e-mailedingschool administrators back and forth, and gave our nonprofit organization a namegiving ourselves a name The Literacy Movement.   The drive was a success and soon enough, we found ourselves with plane tickets to visit the Philippines for two weeks to give the books to the schools ourselves.   Those two weeks in the Philippines changed my outlook on Filipino lifestyle and culture forever.   The students in the Philippines had an incredible passion and dedication to their education, traveling miles upon miles, whether barefoot or in flimsy chinelas (flip-flops), through the jungle-like terrain to go to school.   They combatteding the struggles of living in an impoverished neighborhood through camaraderie and positivity. When we assisted in a feeding program at the Philippines, giving out cups of soup to each child that approached the door, I saw kids run back to their homes and return with their family and friends so that they could get a portion of the food, too.   There was an incredible sense of community in the Philippines that I will remember forever and iIt reminded me that while the Filipino people did not have much physically, we had a lot to give emotionally. Our culture was one of giving back, and I felt it was my duty to give as much as I could to these people.Th ey let us into their own lives and own worlds, showing us bits and pieces of what it was like to live like them, and it was only fair that we gave them all we could, not only in books, but in our returned kindness and appreciation. Being in that environment, surrounded by people who shared my roots yet lived an entirely different life, sparked not only a want to return to the Philippines and visit those same schools again, but a pride in my people and my culture and a confidence in my identity. 5. Repeat Step 4 until you are satisfied with your sentences. Then move on to Step 6. I actually did something weird here, where I really hated my drafts. So I just scrapped most of it and started fresh. Draft #3, October 15: I come from a world where creativity was my weapon against loneliness, where a family was not composed of a mama and a dada, but a mama and her mama, and where being Filipino was the thing I hated most about myself. I am the only daughter of a divorced Filipino woman, whose disconnection from her culture imprinted onto myself so that I thought poorly of the Philippines.   In my eyes, we were just tools of service. We were your maids, your nurses, your babysitters. We weren’t at the forefront, but an afterthought. The ones who cleaned up the mess after the party. I lived with this perspective until I reached high school. I worked with my friends to create a nonprofit organization, The Literacy Movement, where we collected books to donate to three schools in the Philippines.   When I visited the Philippines in the summer before my junior year, I gained a better understanding of the Filipino people.   We are a people whose long history with colonialism has made it difficult to find our own identity.   Our language is, as described by my mom, a poor man’s Spanish. Despite this, I still find a pride in my culture. I no longer look at my country with a scornful eye, but a critical one.   I’ve worked to incorporate my heritage in my schoolwork, writing a thesis and dissertation on colorism in the Philippines in AP Language and Composition, as well as centering my speech in the same class on my complex relationship with my culture. 6. Cut down/write your essay, but now following word limits. Funnily enough, my new fresh essay followed word limits. Draft #3, October 15: I come from a world where creativity was my weapon against loneliness, where a family was not composed of a mama and dada, but a mama and her mama, and where being Filipino was the thing I hated most about myself. I am the only daughter of a divorced Filipino woman, whose disconnect from her culture influenced my understanding of it.   In my eyes, we were just tools of service. We were your maids, your nurses, your babysitters an afterthought. The ones who cleaned up the mess after the celebration. I lived with this perspective until I reached high school. I worked with my friends to create a nonprofit organization, The Literacy Movement, where we collected books to donate to three schools in the Philippines.   When I visited the Philippines in the summer before my junior year, I gained a better understanding of the Filipino people.   We are a people whose long history with colonialism has made it difficult to find our own identity, but throughout the years, I’ve come to know who I am.   We are an amalgamation of various countries, and we have taken those bits and pieces and made it our own. That uniqueness is seen in our foods, our language, our people.   I no longer look at my country with a scornful eye, but a critical one, even incorporating my heritage in my schoolwork. I wrote a thesis and dissertation on colorism in the Philippines and a speech about my complex relationship with my Filipino culture. Word Count: 250 7. Edit. Tweak. Perfect. October 16: I come from a world where creativity was my weapon against loneliness, where a family was not composed of a mama and dada, but a mama and her mama, and where being Filipino was the thing I hated most about myself. I am the only daughter of a divorced Filipino woman, whose disconnect from her culture influenced my understanding of it.   In my eyes, we were just tools of service. We were your maids, your nurses, your babysitters an afterthought. The ones who cleaned up the mess after the celebration. I lived with this perspective until I reached high school. I worked with my friends to createcreated a nonprofit organization with my friends, called The Literacy Movement, where we collected books to donate to three schools in the Philippines.   When I visited the Philippines in the summer before my junior year, I gained a better understanding of the Filipino people.   We are a people whose long history with colonialism has made it difficult to find our own identity, but throughout the years, I’ve come to know who I am.   We are an amalgamation of various countries, taking bits and pieces of them and making it our own. That uniqueness is seen in our foods, our language, our people.   I no longer look at my country with a scornful eye, but a critical one. I’ve incorporated my heritage in my schoolwork, writing a thesis and dissertation on colorism in the Philippines and a speech about my complex relationship with my Filipino culture. Word Count: 2486 October 20: I come from a world where creativity was my weapon against loneliness, where a family was not composed of a mama and dada, but a mama and her mama, and where being Filipino was the thing I hated most about myself. I am the only daughter of a divorced Filipino woman, whose disconnect from her culture influenced my understanding of it.   In my eyes, we were just tools of service. We were your maids, your nurses, your babysitters an afterthought. The ones who cleaned up the mess after the celebration. I lived with this perspective until I reached high school. I created a nonprofit organization with my friends called The Literacy Movement, where we collected books to donate to three schools in the Philippines.   When I visited the Philippines in the summer before my junior year, I gained a better understanding of the Filipino people.   We are a people whose long history with colonialism has made it difficult to find our own identity, but throughout the years, I’ve come to know who I am.   We are an amalgamation of various countries, taking bits and pieces of them and making it our own. That uniqueness is seen in our foods, our language, our people.   I no longer look at my country with a scornful eye, but a critical one. I’ve incorporated my heritage in my schoolwork, writing a thesis and dissertation on colorism in the Philippines and a speech about my complex relationship with my Filipino culture. Word Count: 246 October 23: I come from a world where a family was not composed of a mama and dada, but a mama and her mama, and where being Filipino was the thing I hated most about myself. I am the only daughter of a divorced Filipino woman, whose disconnect from her culture influenced my understanding of it.   In my eyes, we were just tools of service. We were your maids, your nurses, your babysitters an afterthought. The ones who cleaned up the mess after the celebration.I lived with this perspective until I reached high school, where increase of Filipino representation in the media made me feel more comfortable in my identity. Because of this, I created a nonprofit organization with my friends called The Literacy Movement, where we collected books to donate to threeschools in the Philippines.   When I visited the Philippines in the summer before my junior year, I gained a better understanding of the Filipino people.   We are a people whose long history with colonialism has made it difficult to find our own identity, but throughout the years, I’ve come to know who I am.   We are an amalgamation of various countries, taking bits and pieces of them and making it our own. That uniqueness is seen in our foods, our language, our people.   I no longer look at my country with a scornful eye, but a critical one. I’ve incorporated my heritage in my schoolwork, writing a thesis and dissertation on colorism in the Philippines and a speech about my complex relationship with my Filipino culture. We are a people whose long history with colonialism has made it difficult to find out own identity, but throughout the years, I’ve come to know who I am. I no longer look at my country with a scornful eye, but a critical one, now incorporating my heritage into my schoolwork. I’ve written a thesis and dissertation on colorism in the Philippines and presented a speech about my complex relationship with my culture. We are an amalgamation of various countries, whose uniqueness is seen in its foods, language, and people. And through all this, I can now say that I am proud to be Filipino. Word Count: 2469 October 27: I come from a world where a family was not composed of a mama and dada, but a mama and her mama, and where being Filipino was the thing I hated most about myselfwas something I was ashamed of. I am the only daughter of a divorced Filipino woman, whose disconnect from her culture influenced my understanding of it.   In my eyes, we were just tools of service. We were your maids, your nurses, your babysitters an afterthought. I lived with this perspective until high school, where increase of Filipino representation in the media made me feel more comfortable in my identity. Because of this, I created a nonprofit organization with my friends called The Literacy Movement, where we collected books to donate to schools in the Philippines.   When I visited the Philippines in the summer before my junior year, I gained a better understanding of the Filipino people.   We are a people whose long history with colonialism has made it difficult to find out own identity, but throughout the years, I’ve come to know who I am. I no longer look at my country with a scornful eye, but a critical one, now incorporating my heritage into my schoolwork. I’ve written a thesis and dissertation on colorism in the Philippines and presented a speech about my complex relationship with my culture. We are an amalgamation of various countries, whose uniqueness is seen in its foods, language, and people. And through all this, I can now say that I am proud to be Filipino. Word Count: 2497 8. Finally, its done. October 28, final product: I come from a world where a family was not composed of a mama and dada, but a mama and her mama, and where being Filipino was something I was ashamed of. I am the only daughter of a divorced Filipino woman, whose disconnect from her culture influenced my understanding of it.   In my eyes, we were just tools of service. We were your maids, your nurses, your babysitters an afterthought. I lived with this perspective until high school, where increase of Filipino representation in the media made me feel more comfortable in my identity. Because of this, I created a nonprofit organization with my friends called The Literacy Movement, where we collected books to donate to schools in the Philippines.   When I visited the Philippines in the summer before my junior year, I gained a better understanding of the Filipino people.   We are a people whose long history with colonialism has made it difficult to find out own identity, but throughout the years, I’ve come to know who I am. I no longer look at my country with a scornful eye, but a critical one, now incorporating my heritage into my schoolwork. I’ve written a thesis and dissertation on colorism in the Philippines and presented a speech about my complex relationship with my culture. We are an amalgamation of various countries, whose uniqueness is seen in its foods, language, and people. And through all this, I can now say that I am proud to be Filipino. Word Count: 247 As you can see, this essay has come a very, very long way. I actually would be interested in trying to rewrite it  not for a college essay because I definitely did have to censor myself a bit in order to try and ~appeal to those colleges~. I look back at my writing now and am kind of sad at how stiff it is. Theres not a lot of color in my writing aside from maybe the opening bit showing splashes of personality, but if you recall the list from earlier, I shoved my nonprofit organization + Filipino identity into one essay. It is completely okay to incorporate multiple elements of yourself into one essay as long as its cohesive and flows well. Honestly, I didnt do a lot of very colorful and abstract writing for my college essays, which is something I regret a lot, but I did get my chance to play with it during my blogger application, which can also be another revisions post for the future. I hope this was kind of helpful and gave some insight into how I approach any application-like essays that ask to show myself off. Post Tagged #my essays ooooo uwu Would've been pretty meta to write an essay on the most significant challenge on that essay being my most significant challenge. back to text ?

Proofreading Exercises to Identify Errors in Verb Tense

Verb tenses tell you when the action in a sentence is happening The three verb tenses are past, present, and future. Past tense verbs describe when something has happened, present tense verbs describe things that are continuous or that are happening now, and future tense verbs describe things that havent happened yet but are likely to occur in the future. Instructions In each of the following paragraphs, some of the sentences contain errors in verb tense. Write out the correct form of any verb that is used incorrectly, and then compare your findings with the answers provided further below. Hands Up! Recently in Oklahoma City, Pat Rowley, a security guard, deposit 50 cents in a City Hall vending machine and reach in to get a candy bar. When the machine catch his hand, he pull out his pistol and shoot the machine twice. The second shot sever some wires, and he got his hand out. The Christmas Spirit Mr. Theodore Dunnet, of Oxford, England, run amok in his house in December. He ripped the telephone from the wall, thrown a television set and a tape-deck into the street, smash to bits a three-piece suite, kicked a dresser down the stairs, and torn the plumbing right out of the bath. He offer this explanation for his behavior: I was shock by the over-commercialization of Christmas. Late Bloomers Some very remarkable adults are known to have experience quite unremarkable childhoods. English author G.K. Chesterton, for instance, could not read until the age of 8, and he usually finish at the bottom of his class. If we could opened your head, one of his teachers remark, we would not find any brain but only a lump of fat. Chesterton eventually become a successful novelist. Similarly, Thomas Edison was label a dunce by one of his teachers, and young James Watt was called dull and inept. Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa is one of the most famous portraits in the history of painting. Leonardo took four years to complete the painting: he begun work in 1503 and finish in 1507. Mona (or Madonna Lisa Gherardini) was from a noble family in Naples, and Leonardo may have paint her on commission from her husband. Leonardo is said to have entertain Mona Lisa with six musicians. He install a musical fountain where the water play on small glass spheres, and he give Mona a puppy and a white Persian cat to play with. Leonardo did what he could to keep Mona smiling during the long hours she sit for him. But it is not only Monas mysterious smile that has impress anyone who has ever view the portrait: the background landscape is just as mysterious and beautiful. The portrait can be seen today in the Louvre Museum in Paris. Hard Luck A bank teller in Italy was jilted by his girlfriend and decide the only thing left to do was kill himself. He stolen a car with the idea of crashing it, but the car broken down. He steal another one, but it was too slow, and he barely dent a fender when he crashed the car into a tree. The police arrive and charge the man with auto theft. While being questioned, he stab himself in the chest with a dagger. Quick action by the police officers saved the mans life. On the way to his cell, he jumped out through a third-story window. A snowdrift broken his fall. A judge suspends the mans sentence, saying, Im sure fate still has something in store for you. Answers Here are the answers to the above verb-tense exercises. Corrected verb forms are in  bold  print. Hands Up! Recently in Oklahoma City, Pat Rowley, a security guard,  deposited  50 cents in a City Hall vending machine and reached  in to get a candy bar. When the machine caught his hand, he pulled out his pistol and  shot  the machine twice. The second shot  severed  some wires, and he got his hand out. The Christmas Spirit Mr. Theodore Dunnet, of Oxford, England, ran amok in his house in December. He ripped the telephone from the wall;  threw a television set and a tape-deck into the street; smashed  to bits a three-piece suite, kicked a dresser down the stairs, and tore the plumbing right out of the bath. He  offered  this explanation for his behavior: I was​  shocked  by the over-commercialization of Christmas. Late Bloomers Some very remarkable adults are known to have  experienced  quite unremarkable childhoods. English author G.K. Chesterton, for instance, could not read until the age of eight, and he usually  finished  at the bottom of his class. If we could  open  your head, one of his teachers  remarked, we would not find any brain but only a lump of fat. Chesterton eventually  became  a successful novelist. Similarly, Thomas Edison was  labeled  a dunce by one of his teachers, and young James Watt was called dull and inept. Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vincis  Mona Lisa  is the most famous portrait in the history of painting. Leonardo took four years to complete the painting: he  began  work in 1503 and  finished  in 1507. Mona (or Madonna Lisa Gherardini) was from a noble family in Naples, and Leonardo may have  painted  her on commission from her husband. Leonardo is said to have  entertained  Mona Lisa with six musicians. He  installed  a musical fountain where the water  played  on small glass spheres, and he  gave  Mona a puppy and a white Persian cat to play with. Leonardo did what he could to keep Mona smiling during the long hours she  sat  for him. But it is not only Monas mysterious smile that has  impressed  anyone who has ever  viewed  the portrait: the background landscape is just as mysterious and beautiful. The portrait can be seen today in the Louvre Museum in Paris. Hard Luck A bank teller in Italy was jilted by his girlfriend and  decided  the only thing left to do was kill himself. He  stole  a car with the idea of crashing it, but the car  broke  down. He  stole  another one, but it was too slow, and he barely  dented  a fender when he crashed the car into a tree. The police  arrived  and  charged  the man with auto theft. While being questioned, he  stabbed  himself in the chest with a dagger. Quick action by the police officers saved the mans life. On the way to his cell, he jumped out through a third-story window. A snowdrift  broke  his fall. A judge  suspended  the mans sentence, saying, Im sure fate still has something in store for you.

A Streetcar Named Desire - Scene Three Plot Summary

The Poker Night Four men (Stanley Kowalski, Mitch, Steve, and Pablo) are playing poker while the ladies (Blanche and Stella) are having an evening out. Playwright Tennessee Williams describes the men as in the physical prime of their life; they drink whiskey and each of their shirts has its own bright, distinct color. Stanleys first line in this scene betrays his aggressiveness: STANLEY: Get yr ass off the table, Mitch. Nothing belongs on a poker table but cards, chips and whiskey. Mitch seems more sensitive than the other men. He considers leaving the poker game because he is concerned about his ailing mother. (An interesting point about Mitch: He is the only unmarried man in the group.) The Ladies Return Stella and Blanche arrive home at around 2:30 am. Intrigued by the gruff man and their poker playing, Blanche asks if she can kibitz (meaning that she wants to spectate and offer commentary and advice about their game). Stanley wont let her. And when his wife suggests that the men quit after one more hand, he roughly slaps her thigh. Steve and Pablo laugh at this. Again, Williams shows us that most men (at least in this play) are crude and hostile, and most women begrudgingly tolerate them. Mitch and Blanche Flirt Blanche briefly encounters Mitch, who is just emerging from the bathroom. She asks Stella if Mitch is a wolf, someone who will take advantage of her emotionally and sexually. Stella doesnt think that he would behave that way, and Blanche begins to wonder about Mitch as a romantic possibility. Mitch excuses himself from the poker table and shares a cigarette with Blanche. MITCH: I guess we strike you as being a pretty rough bunch. BLANCHE: Im very adaptable - to circumstances. She also talks about her career back in her hometown. She states, I have the misfortune of being an English instructor. (Personal note: Since I, too, am an English teacher, I find this line hysterical!) Blanche turns on the radio, hoping to dance with Mitch; however, Stanley (who has become increasingly enraged by Blanche and her distracting ways) throws the radio out the window. All Hell Breaks Loose After Stanley trashes the radio, fast-paced and violent action ensues: Stella calls Stanley a drunk - animal thing.Stanley beats Stella.Blanche screams My sister is going to have a baby!The men restrain Stanley and toss him in the shower.Blanche rushes Stella to the neighbors apartment. Within moments, Stanley, soaking wet and half-drunken. He suddenly realizes that Stella has left him. STELL-LAHHHHH!!!!! In this famous moment, Stanley stumbles out to the street. He begins to call for his wife. When she does not come down to him he begins to shout her name repeatedly. The stages directions indicate that he calls to her with heaven-splitting violence. Touched by her husbands desperate, animalistic need for her, Stella walks down to him. According to the stage directions, They come together with low, animal moans. He falls to his knees on the steps and presses his face to her belly. In many ways, this moment is the antithesis to the famed balcony scene from Romeo and Juliet. Instead of Romeo (as stage tradition holds) climbing up to his love, Stella walks down to her man. Instead of a romantic lead spouting eloquent poetry, we have Stanley Kowalski yelling at the top of his lungs, repeating only one name, like an ill-tempered boy calling for his mother. After Stanley carries Stella into their home, Blanche meets Mitch once again. He tells her not to worry, that the pair truly cares about each other. Blanche marvels about the confusing nature of the world and thanks Mitch for his kindness.

Vodafone Group Plc SWOT Analysis and Porters Five Forces Free Essays

Vodafone Group Public Limited Company is the world’s leading mobile telecommunications company operating in more than five continents. The company runs its operations from two geo-regions: Europe, which includes Western Europe andGermany, and EMAPA, which includes Middle East, Africa,Asiaand the pacific. The European market is the largest accounting for close to 80 percent of the revenues as of 2009. We will write a custom essay sample on Vodafone Group Plc SWOT Analysis and Porters Five Forces or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the increasing partnerships with other mobile networks globally have seen revenues from regions outsideEuropeaccount for close to 40 percent as of 2011. The success story of Vodafone Group PLC revolves around the strategic competencies and acquisitions of other networks to become a powerful and leading mobile services provider. Strategic competencies and operations are well captured in the SWOT analysis, as well as the Porters five forces, which help give the position of the company and the challenges it encounters both within and without the organization. Introduction and background information Vodafone Group Public Limited Company is a global telecommunication company operating in various continents including Europe, Asia, Africa, Middle East, United Statesand the Pacific. Vodafone Group PLC has its headquarters in Newbury, United Kingdomand ranks among the leading global telecommunications providers. Listed on the London Stock Exchange, it is a part of the FTSE 100 Index with the largest revenue among the telecommunications companies. It ranks second behind China mobile in terms of worldwide subscribers, but leads the track in terms of revenues. Vodafone Group PLC ranks among the top 20 companies of the FTSE 100 Index coming in at position three based on statistics released on August 3 2012 (Financial Times, 2012). The company has equity interests in over thirty countries globally with approximately forty partner networks. Vodafone has achieved this place through a process of competent acquisitions of communication networks in different countries, powerful organizational ability and efficient techniques that have permitted it to build out Wi-Fi systems, which are extremely competitive. The company also provides effective data services, which subscribers can access using the extremely progressed third-generation (3G) communications systems available to its markets globally. This analysis will look into factors that have propelled Vodafone to its position, how it markets and promotes itself in the competitive telecommunications market, and the competition it experiences in the telecommunications industry (MarketLine, 2012, p. 7). The internal and external environment explained using the SWOT and Porters 5 forces analysis will help provide a better market picture for Vodafone Group PLC. Body Financial analysis A report by Mintel released in 2010 indicates that Vodafone is the fastest growing mobile company globally with over sixteen million new subscribers each month (Mobile Network Providers, Mintel, 2012). This explains its huge turnovers and revenues attributed to the ever-growing number of subscribers as well as wireless and wire line networks across the world. For instance, the yearly revenues increased from ?45.9 billion to ?46.9 billion in the first quarter of 2012 (Vodafone Annual Report, 2012). A general observation and analysis of the financial report released in the first quarter of 2012 indicates that the results are negative, probably due to the Euro zone crisis, but the bottom line is that the revenues, especially from EMAPA have kept increasing as summarized in the tables below. Source: http://www.vodafone.com/ Strengths Vodafone’s major strengths are the reason behind its success in the global telecoms market. These strengths include Diversified and expanded geo-regions across the world divided into two:Europeand EMAPA. The diversification has strengthened its mobile network operations in these regions and accorded it more subscribers A strapping international presence and powerful brand image have made it the leading telecommunications company. According to a Mintel report released in 2010, Vodafone is the most trusted service brand owing to its excellent signal strength and efficient services (MarketLine, 2012, p. 5) Vodafone has well-defined cost reductions structures owing to the vibrant cost cutting initiatives, effective outsourcing and managed purchasing. This has improved the company’s revenues by reducing the operational costs An excellent network infrastructure with innovative services including 3G network and Wi-Fi systems An established presence in mature and emerging markets such as Africa andAsia, which have expanded its market share and revenues Vodafone’s major weaknesses include Uncertainty in the profits obtained from the HSDPA networks attributed to the slow consumer take-up of improved 3G networks services Vodafone’s return on assets is negative, which means that its competitors such as Deutsche Telecom and BT Group surpass it due to underperformance Over-reliance in the European market, which has seen its revenues and share decline due to the crisis in Europe(MarketLine, 2012, p. 6) Vodafone does not have network operations in rural areas Vodafone specializes in mobile services that lead to greater churn rates. The incapacity to offer bundled services due to specializations has compelled the company to compromise its prices The growing demand for 3G networking among businesses globally has seen Vodafone collaborate with leading laptop manufacturers to embed its SIM chip to allow for up selling of the broadband service Vodafone has also diversified its market share and EMAPA remains the leading target because of its potential. Indeed, recent statistics indicate that revenues from EMAPA have improved (MarketLine, 2012, p. 6) The strategy to drive higher voice usage acrossEuropehas spread to other locations implying that the company does not have to reduce prices to increase call time since the monthly bundle provides customers with enough voice time The telecommunications market is swiftly growing and becoming highly competitive with extremely high penetration rates in the European markets. Its major competitors includeChinamobile, Deutsch Telecom and BT Group Frequent tariff interventions and European Union policies on cross border mobile usage put pressure on its revenues Vodafone lags behind its major competitors inAmerica Porter’s five forces Buyer power The bargaining power of buyers in the telecommunications industry is high due to the cutthroat competition and lack of differentiated products. The strong buyer power effectively reduces the cost prices in the industry though not to the level of its competitors. As such, Vodafone will keep making reasonable profits compared to its competitors. Supplier power Vodafone’s suppliers have a high bargaining power since the company operates with greater margins compared to its competitors. As a leader in the market, the market share is large meaning that it can easily absorb any price increments from the suppliers more than its competitors can. As such, Vodafone can easily maintain low prices from its suppliers and continue making profits (MarketLine, 2012, p. 9). Threat of substitutes Vodafone faces a considerable threat for products and services. The landline and CDMA services are fast declining while broadband services are fast becoming common. Video conferencing, VOPI such as Skype, Google Talk and Yahoo Messenger, email and social networking have emerged as substitutes to mobile services. However, due to the strong buyer power and effective economies of scale, Vodafone does not need to pass down the costs attributed to substitution to consumers (MarketLine, 2012, p. 8). Threat of entrants The threat of fresh market entrants is low because of barriers to entry. Companies wishing to enter the market must pay huge licensing fees coupled by spectrum availability and regulatory issues attached to the industry. Similarly, the costs of setting up network infrastructure are high, and the rapidly changing technology make is difficult for new entrants to cope. However, Vodafone can cope with this by maintaining high-level efficiency of its services to unrivaled heights. Industry rivalry Vodafone faces extremely high rivalry from its competitors due to the low call rate prices charged by its closest competitors. Similarly, the competitors constantly provide innovative products and services to the customers, which mean that Vodafone has to provide the same to its customers. Conclusion and Recommendations Vodafone has consistently outperformed its competitors despite the cutthroat competition in the industry. This notable performance and ability to diversify its products together with numerous acquisitions have seen it become a leading company in the industry. It financial position also continues to grow due to the innovativeness and ability to explore new markets in different geographical regions. Similarly, Vodafone has capitalized on its opportunities and worked on ways to eliminate the threats and improve on its weaknesses through various competitive strategies (MarketLine, 2012, p. 7). In recommending to Vodafone, the company must increase its GPRS subscriber base due to the high demand, deliberate more on value added services, introduce location-based services, diversify its broadband network by introducing voice over internet and finally tapping rural markets. References BBC, 2012. Vodafone agrees takeover of CW Worldwide, 24 March 2012, viewed 14 August 2012 Financial Times, 2012. Vodafone confirms talks with CWW. 14 February 2012, viewed 14 August 2012 Mobile Network Providers, 2012. Mintel. [Online] viewed 14 August 2012 MarketLine, 2012. Vodafone Group Public Limited Company, SWOT Analysis. Viewed 14 August 2012 Vodafone Group PLC, 2012, Vodafone Annual Report. 31 March 2012, viewed 14August 2012 How to cite Vodafone Group Plc SWOT Analysis and Porters Five Forces, Essay examples

Hazing Is Wrong Essay Example For Students

Hazing Is Wrong Essay Hazing has always been seen as a secretive campus activity when it comes to fraternities and pledging. A series of many cases of injuries and deaths related to fraternity hazing activities occurred in the United States over periods of time. Young college men are being hospitalized and even worse, dying, just for a couple of friends that give them a sense of belonging. The major causes of hazing are the students wanting a sense of belonging in a big college campus, the colleges infrequent knowledge of what occurs in fraternities, and the unwillingness of fraternities to change tradition. Since hazing has been around for more than a century, one cannot expect the practice of hazing to stop all together. It will probably take years before hazing perishes from the fraternity scene. Nevertheless, until an end is put to hazing, solutions can be used to make hazing less common, until it no longer exists. These solutions that may be able to put an eventual stop to hazing, in the long run, ar e better education about fraternity hazing, stricter laws to prevent hazing from occurring, and more intervention from college administrators. Stories of hazing incidents are all too common in the news media today. It would not be out of the ordinary, upon opening the newspaper, to read the testimony of some fraternity pledges. Even in our own paper called the Ionian, where 7 fraternity members charged in hazing death. The article stated that 18 year-old Kevin Lawless drank in excessive amount of alcohol and later passed out in a doorway of an apartment. The boys that were in the fraternity thought he would just awake the next day but he never did. As shown in the paper that a death has occurred to due to the fact of hazing. Fraternities are getting away with hazing practices, every single day. If a stranger did this to a civilian, they would automatically be arrested andimprisoned. The humiliations of hazing are said to build bonds between pledges and fraternity brothers. According to fraternity beliefs, the theory goes, if you and a couple offriends go through fraternity initiations, drinking excessive amounts of beer and beingbeaten by fraternity members etc., and only you and your friends go through it, thenthis gives you all something in common. An example of a hazing victim is typically awhite male 19 to 20 years of age, who is experiencing some types of injuries betweenthe months of February and April or September and October, which is the pledging seasons. Men are experiencing injuries including those caused by beatings, cold exposure, heat exhaustion, and electrocution. These supposedly bring the fraternitytogether. Hazing also occurs in both sororities and black fraternities, who are seendifferently from regular fraternities, but it is not as severe in sororities as it is infraternities. One cause of hazing is that fraternity members do not want to change tradition. Hazing has been a part of fraternity initiations ever since fraternities were founded. Hazing was used to test the pledges that wanted to join the fraternity, to make surethat the pledge was fraternity material. Fraternity members have a feeling that if I went through it, you should too, so as long as there are people in the fraternity who were beaten or hazed; they feel they have a right to beat you. If fraternity members think this way then how can hazing be prevented so that innocent men do not die just for friends and a feeling of belonging. A second cause of hazing is that since college campuses are so big in population, menbelieve that in order to make friends and fit in, they have to subject themselves toridicule and torture by joining a fraternity. Not many men would do this for a group offriends, but it is happening every semester in college campuses today. Not only arecollege men being hospitalized but many are putting their lives on the line, and evendying, just so they can be considered a brother in a fraternity. Nevertheless, it isnot the pledges fault, in getting himself into this type of situation. A third cause of hazing is that the fraternities know exactly what they are doing andthey know what they can get away with most of it, since college administrators arenot doing anything to prevent hazing. The events that happen in the fraternity worldare largely secretive; some even go underground, just so they do not get caught. .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303 , .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303 .postImageUrl , .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303 , .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303:hover , .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303:visited , .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303:active { border:0!important; } .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303:active , .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303 .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3300a8ebfd5fb2fc367f7fe754359303:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Genetic Diversity In Agriculture EssayThis should tell college administrators that the fraternities are trying to hidesomething, and that something is illegal and wrongful. Many fraternities require theirmembers to take a vow of secrecy. Hazing has been a part of fraternities in the United States for many years. Although warnings about the dangers of fraternity hazing were addressed with anti-hazing laws in some states, and punishments against such activities, the practice of hazing still exists in college campuses today. The causes of hazing, a needof wanting to fit in by the students, no interest from college administrators and thefraternities unwillingness to break trad ition, are all making incidents all too common incampuses today. If only there was a way to join a fraternity, without giving awayyour life in return. Hazing can be stopped if three major solutions are exercised byfraternities and the colleges that they are at. These solutions are better educationabout fraternity hazing, stricter laws to prevent hazing from occurring, and moreintervention from college administrators. Hazing will continue to exist if collegefraternities allow it to. One solution that will make hazing less common is bettereducation on hazing for both fraternities and society. Fraternities are looked upon asgroups of adolescent males, surrounded by oceans of beer; loud music; sweating andwilling women. Although, fraternities were founded to be an organization that stresses fund-raising and community service, as well as being a social outlet for members. If fraternities are tired of being stereotyped, then they have to work hard in changing their reputation. Fraternitie s have to show society that they do have a beneficial purpose, and that they are not all about beer and women. There are a number of college campuses, inwhich fraternities and sororities have endorsed a plan to change that would notonly abolish hazing but also remove the possibility of it ending the generation-oldtradition of pledging itself. Also, if college men are educated enough and discoverwhat occurs during fraternity initiation ceremonies and what is done to them, if theyjoin the fraternity, then they will probably think twice about joining or demandingsome types of changes, on the fraternitys part. Already initiated fraternity membershave to consider that they did not enjoy what was done to them during pledging, sowhy would future members enjoy hazing. Another solution that would restrict hazing, and eventually put a stop to it, isintervention by college administration. Fraternities are, literally, getting away withmurder, which is seen by the reported forty-five to fifty de aths between 1978 and1990 which include hazing, accidental and suicide deaths (Nuwer). For example, ina well-publicized hazing death of Kevin Lawless on the night of December 10, the gentlemen who were involved faced up to a year in jail and a $1,000 fine (Malecki). The college expressed that although they deeply regretted the tragedy, etc., they could accept no responsibility for what had happened because the fraternity was banned from Ionas campus in the mid-1980.If the college is not responsible, then who is? The victim?College administrators must take full responsibility of what happens with theirstudents. If something happens to their students, especially when something is doneby college-approved organizations fraternities, then college administrators areresponsible. Even though administrators do not want the responsibility that is asked ofthem.One final solution that could restrict hazing, and eventually put a stop to it, is stricter laws that prevent hazing from occurring. So me states have anti-hazing laws, which are considered constitutional. Still, this does not mean that they are preventing hazing altogether. While anti-hazing laws were passed in some states, college administrators were not the ones who fought to get these laws passed. Parents of children who died in hazing incidents are the ones responsible for getting the laws passed.Fraternities are liable to pay large sums of money in hazing related dead.All fifty states have to pass anti-hazing laws so that hazing can be put to an end, without having more pledges die as result. Without the help of college administrators, anti-hazing laws are useless in preventing hazing incidents from happening. Certainly, each of these solutions, individually, can prevent hazing from occurring, but if all three solutions are used at the same time, hazing can be put to an end, faster. If fraternities are giving the education about hazing, they should see that hazing has evolved into a big problem. Together, thes e three solutions are able to prevent hazing now, end hazing in the long run.

Arieanne Evans-Hill Essays (206 words) - , Term Papers

Arieanne Evans-Hill 505 Farmhouse Lane Durham, North Carolina (919) 937-8607 [emailprotected] Dear Hiring Manager, I am writing to express my interest in the sales associate position at Urban Outfitters located at The Streets of Southpoint. With experience working in retail at American Eagle for a little over a year, I am new to working in retail but I am relatively experienced and ready for anything. In regards to the position, I'm a college student looking for a summer job. I visited the store in early May to see if there were any positions and was told to apply online, So here I am. Being a friendly teenager with a bright smile and inviting eyes, I am sure that I will be an amazing addition to your sales team. My knowledge about the fashion industry and what's popular will help my ability to upsell items. I'm also hardworking and very determined to get tasks done. I will do whatever you tell me to do. Thank you for considering me for the position of sales associate. I can be contacted at (919) 937-8607. I look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, Arieanne Evans-Hill

Free Essays on Americas Press

A Brief History America's press has never been perfect. Far from it. Our first newspapers were highly partisan, mean-spirited and completely unprofessional by today's standards. But crude as they were, these so-called "scandalmongers" served as the public's watchdog of government and of its powerful friends, despite an early misguided effort through the Alien and Sedition Act to neuter the watchdog. The more enlightened of our founding fathers understood that an independent, free and unfettered press was critical to engaging the populace in its democracy, and that such engagement was essential for representative government to work. They intuitively knew that an independent press would evolve as the country evolved. That there would be - that there needed to be a multitude of voices to represent the diverse opinions, interests and backgrounds of the population. The key to preserving this leg of the democracy stool was to protect it from external controls, whether from the government through laws restraining its freedom, or from individuals or businesses chilling its independence through harassing litigation. The principle was so important it became the stepping off point for the Bill of Rights. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution, and the Supreme Court's interpretation of it through the last century. All of which ensured the evolution of a diverse and truly free press. The expansion of our press, paralleled the expanded participation of our citizens in their own government. This was critical. Without expanded inclusion, American democracy would have failed because so many of our people would not have had a stake in its survival. Until the last decade or two, this evolution was generally for the better. It fostered individual rights, more inclusion in the social, economic and political life of the country, and it spurred greater standards of public accountability and ethical behavio... Free Essays on America's Press Free Essays on America's Press A Brief History America's press has never been perfect. Far from it. Our first newspapers were highly partisan, mean-spirited and completely unprofessional by today's standards. But crude as they were, these so-called "scandalmongers" served as the public's watchdog of government and of its powerful friends, despite an early misguided effort through the Alien and Sedition Act to neuter the watchdog. The more enlightened of our founding fathers understood that an independent, free and unfettered press was critical to engaging the populace in its democracy, and that such engagement was essential for representative government to work. They intuitively knew that an independent press would evolve as the country evolved. That there would be - that there needed to be a multitude of voices to represent the diverse opinions, interests and backgrounds of the population. The key to preserving this leg of the democracy stool was to protect it from external controls, whether from the government through laws restraining its freedom, or from individuals or businesses chilling its independence through harassing litigation. The principle was so important it became the stepping off point for the Bill of Rights. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution, and the Supreme Court's interpretation of it through the last century. All of which ensured the evolution of a diverse and truly free press. The expansion of our press, paralleled the expanded participation of our citizens in their own government. This was critical. Without expanded inclusion, American democracy would have failed because so many of our people would not have had a stake in its survival. Until the last decade or two, this evolution was generally for the better. It fostered individual rights, more inclusion in the social, economic and political life of the country, and it spurred greater standards of public accountability and ethical behavio...

Organisational Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organisational Change - Essay Example The current paper elaborates upon only a few of the things that are possible for workforce planning and management managers to initiate organizational changes. Organizational Change ideally is an ongoing phenomenon that ensures that organizations are responsive to the changes in the external environments (Beitler, 2006, pp 7). Environmental changes due to changed business and legal requirements, changing governmental and political situations, change in technology, change in market place and competitors and change in society etc. have a direct impact on the working and performance of an organization. These changes will impact how the products or services of the organization are perceived by the customers and may also impact upon the sales and long term survivability of the organization (Beitler, 2006, pp 9). Internal organizational changes may be spontaneous - as in the case when the organization launches a new product in response to the competitor’s new product, or in case when change is enacted in compensation and leaves policies in response to changes in law or regulations of the country in which the organization is operating. Spontaneous or mandatory changes are not pre-planned and are considered to be one-of actions or changes to meet a current crisis or to take advantage of an existing opportunity. On the other hand, organizations that have a strategic vision and do long term planning are able to predict and prepare for future challenges by enacting a planned organizational change. Such organizations are able to develop an insight about future requirements, future business opportunities or perceive future threats and then spend time and resources in enacting pervasive and lasting changes in the business operations, organizational structure, business planning or manpower planning and trainings . Traditionally, human resource management and workforce management has been viewed

Halil Inalcik and Marshall Hodgsons views on the Ottoman Empire Term Paper

Halil Inalcik and Marshall Hodgsons views on the Ottoman Empire - Term Paper Example There was an accepted mode of coexistence that was not occasionally as disruptive as a society as such would be in the modern world. This, however, did not mean that the different religious factions existed in absolute peace without any animosity or bad blood. On the contrary, there were documented cases of massacres and discrimination all over the empire that seemed to have been sparked by hatred and a religious bias.   The breakdown of the empire of the Seljuk Turks was the catalyst in the formation of the Ottoman Empire1 which was one of the few surviving empires at the time. The Ottoman Empire started as one of the small states that were formed after the initial breakdown and existed as thus for a longer period of time before the reign of Muhammad II saw the absorption of all neighboring Turkish states in one unified monarch that was referred to as the Ottoman Empire. The rulers in the Ottoman Empire were primarily the descendants of Ghazi warriors who were very successful in t he formation of a superpower in Europe at the time when all the other empires around them were disintegrating2. The Ottoman Empire existed peacefully with the other nations around it except for the occasional war that was primarily aimed at expanding trade routes or spreading the holy word of Islam. An alliance between the French and the Turks was formed later on with the driving force being a common enemy in Austria Hapsburg and Spain although it did not have much in the bearing of war. The then leader Sulayman (popularly referred to as Sulayman the magnificent) of the Ottoman Empire was responsible for creating this alliance. He was instrumental in the organization of the judicial system among many other accolades that he had and he was arguably one of the most successful rulers of the empire if not the greatest. In addition, his reign saw the flowering of Turkish literature, Ottoman architecture, and arts which served to expand the reach of the empire as scholars were attracted b y them. Furthermore, traders also followed suit as the world was beginning to have an appreciation for the arts and literature although every culture had its own. The leader of the Ottoman Empire was popularly referred to as the sultan. The sultan was primarily charged with upholding the Muslim canonical law among many other implied responsibilities which were overshadowed by the fact that he was viewed as the representative of the Muslim God, Allah, on the ottomans. After the death of Sulayman, the Janissaries, who were largely Christians converted to Islam and trained to be deadly in war gained power and this was the cue for the empire to begin crumbling. Corruption then became the order of the day as the holders of the office of the day were charged with fleecing the people as they scrambled to keep what they would for themselves at the expense of the very people they were meant to be representative of. The first signs of the waning power of the empire lost in the battlefront, wi th enemies aligning with Austria in a bid to ceasing parts of the territory that was initially under the Ottoman Empire.

Studying Modern Agriculture In Sri Lanka

Studying Modern Agriculture In Sri Lanka 1. Modern Agricultural sector plays a very important role in contributing to the economy of the country. Agriculture represents 13% of the countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Rice is the main staple food in Sri Lanka. Paddy sector contributes 16.5 % of the GDP of the agriculture sector. Paddy farmers represent considerable percentage of the labor force of the country. Rice is the oldest crop on earth and rice is the main consumer food in Sri Lanka and the main substitute for rice is the wheat flour. Sri Lanka has two major agricultural seasons namely Yala and Maha. About 5.75 lakh hectares were being bought under paddy farming in the Maha season from October to February and another 3.5 lakh hectares under the Yala season from April to August. Sri Lanka is country which Agricultural sector plays a main role in the economy. Paddy is produce in two seasons in a year. Every Government has identified the importance of the Paddy industry and has been a political focus so far. Mahaweli P roject is the one of the most successive project done in the country to increase the land available for the paddy cultivation. However farmers in rural provinces faced many hardships to obtain adequate harvest and revenue from paddy cultivation and vegetable cultivation due to lack of new technology  [1]   2. There are three major economic activities which contribute to the Gross National Product (GNP) in a country, Namely Agriculture sector, Industrial sector and Service sector. Beginning of 1950s Sri Lankan economy was mainly based on agricultural sector and by mid 1950, service sector contribution remarkably increases and maintained the highest contribution to the GNP at present. With the change of political and security situation of the country, it is essential to develop agriculture sector to achieve the self sustainability of the country. In 2008 recorded the highest sectoral growth of 7.5 percent (%) over the growth of 3.4 % recorded in 2007. Output of domestic agriculture products were increased in 2008 mainly due the record increasing of paddy production during the year seasons. 3. Sri Lanka Rice Sector alone contributes 30% to the agricultural GDP which accounts for 16.8% of GDP in year 2007.The present Annual value of the rice production is Rs. 49 billion which is at an increasing trend, although the relative contribution of the rice sector to the GDP is diminishing.  [2]  In 2008 paddy production increased by 24% recorded levels of 2.63 million metric tons of rice. This recorded target was archived through enormous difficulties faced by the farmers in rural provinces. It is essential to implement an effective government policy and an efficient mechanism to the development of the paddy sector in Sri Lankan in each province to increase income of the rural farmers. GENERAL OUTLINE 4. Paddy is widely grown in the all over Sri Lanka and it is a popular food crop among all communities in country. As the labor and other requirements of paddy are high it provides direct employment to a large number of people besides its contribution to indirect employment in input supplies and providing other services associated with the industry. However, there are several constraints that affect the development of paddy crop in Sri Lanka. Among the most important constraints are, high cost of the new technology, low productivity of paddy land, and high disease prevalence in paddy growing areas due to prevailing conductive environment for disease occurrences STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 5. The statement of problem can divided in to two major parts: a. Social Presently at the country most of farmers are using Traditional agriculture in Sri Lanka and it will effect for there personnel income with out using new technology . b. Economic Without using new technology for traditional agriculture in Sri Lanka will not enable to increase of production in agriculture. Mal usage of the modern technology caused low productivity in local agriculture SCOPE OF THE STUDY 6 This research attempts to identify the relationship between the traditional agriculture and modern agriculture in Sri Lanka and the number of farmers who had abandoned the cultivating of paddy. The research will focus only on the paddy farmers in Sri Lanka and the benefits of using new technology in traditional agriculture. JUSTIFICATION 7. As it effects to the national income of the country it is reasonable to do a research on this topic. 8. As it effect to the loosing of jobs in agricultural field it is a responsibility of the government to look in to this problem. 9. As the agriculture is the oldest traditional occupation in Sri Lanka it is very much needed to research on this field and its out come. OBJECTIVES General Objectives 10. The general objective, this research is to study increase production by using new technology for traditional agriculture in Sri Lanka Specific Objectives 11. The following objectives are identified. a. To study what is the traditional agriculture in Sri Lanka. b. To study technology used for traditional agriculture and modern agriculture in Sri Lanka. c. To examine traditional paddy farming cultivation of paddy in Sri Lanka and its increase drastic production. c. Agro biodiversity and related traditional systems. d. Recommendations based on the findings. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 12. Use of new technology will enable drastic increase of the production of traditional agriculture in Sri Lanka CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY 1. This study will be based on a survey. The data will be gathered from primary and secondary sources to analyse the situation and the data obtained from Agriculture department and other relevant source Primary Source 2. A literature survey will be carried out by referring various types of articles, books and World Wide Web to gather information on the field of the paddy cultivation and data gathered by agriculture department and other agriculture research centres ORGANIZATION OF THE PAPER 3. Since the main idea of this study in to analyze that there is specific relationship between the diminishing trend of yield and the trend of abundance of paddy cultivation in Sri Lanka, the paper analyses this relationship and its effect to the paddy farming. The first chapter introduces the subject and other details of the research. In the second chapter contains the History Methodology Organization of the paper Data collection method Limitation. In the fifth chapter all gathered data are analysed and the last chapter contains findings, recommendations and conclusion SAMPLING 4. Selected 10 paddy farmers randomly to represent every part of the country who are currently engaged in the paddy cultivation. DATA COLLECTION METHOD 5. The source of data collections is details gathered from the Government Officials those who are engaging in the cultivation. Further, past statistics were collected from the Hector Kobbekaduwa agriculture Research Centre in Colombo, and the Public Library in Colombo LIMITATIONS 6. a. proceeding with a research the following limitations was identified. b. The time available to carry out this research was only 3 months. c. Commonly most of the farmers were not in the position of giving accurate figures regarding their individual farm management. CHAPTER 3 WHAT IS TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE IN SRI LANKA 1. Rainfall and its variation Sri Lanka is a tropical country, but climate of the country shows variation across the Island due to differences in rainfall, elevation and soil factors. Further, the central hill masses, which act as an orographic barrier and the Indian Ocean, surrounding the Island also influence the climate of Sri Lanka. 2. The rainfall of Sri Lanka shows seasonal fluctuations and is dependent on mostly monsoon, Four precipitation seasons are clear in Sri Lanka, namely southwest monsoon from mid-May to September call Yala season, northeast monsoon from December to February call Maha season and two inter-monsoon periods, the first and second inter-monsoons last from March to mid May and from October to November respectively. Total annual rainfall of the country varies from 750 to 5000 mm two broad climatic regions, namely the dry and wet zones are recognized based on total annual rainfall and distribution of dry months. The rainfall is one of the significant factors for determining agricultural land use as well as use of various genetic resources. The distribution pattern of rainfall throughout the year is further important than the total annual rainfall. The rainfall distribution in the majority areas of Sri Lanka is markedly seasonal. Seasonal distribution of rainfall and distribution of wet and dry months in different climatic zones influence the type of paddy grown by farmers in different seasons. The bi-model pattern of rainfall distribution is characteristic of the wet zone whereas the dry zone exhibits a uni-model rainfall pattern. The rainy season of the wet zone lasts from May to November (7 months) which is much shorter in the dry zone (3-4 months; October to January). In the dry zone, southwest monsoon allows only a small crop (Yala season) whereas the main season (Maha) is effectively the wet season. Cropping patterns, farming practices and genetic resource utilization are markedly different according to this rainfall distribution patterns along with the other factors. 3. Agro ecological zones Agricultural land use and land management necessities at a given location depend on the climatic conditions together with soil properties and conditions. The areas with similar climatic and soil conditions are identified and demarcated as agro ecological regions. Twenty-four agro ecological regions based on rainfall, elevation and soil types are demarcated in Sri Lanka Agro ecological classification is very useful since it provides basic climatic and edaphic differences of the country for various agricultural productions and farming practice. 4. Agro biodiversity and related traditional systems Genetic assets or germplasm are biological resources of animal, plant and microbes that contain the hereditary information required for life and are responsible for their useful property and ability to replicate. Agro biodiversity can be defined as selection and variability of animal plant and microbial organisms on earth that are for main food and agriculture. It is a key subset of genetic resources as it is the basis of food security and an essential feature of farming systems around the world. People have managed genetic resources, selecting crops, harvesting medicinal plants etc. Genetic resources remain the basis for the improvement of agricultural crops, for medicines of about 75% of the world population that relies upon traditional, largely plant-based, treatments for its primary healthcare, and for a myriad of other products such as pharmaceuticals, crop protection products and perfumes. 5. Agriculturally used domestic plants have been basically altered from their wild relatives and they have been reshaped to meet human being needs and wants. Paddy genetic resources and agro biodiversity is the product of thousands of years of evolutionary process. There are two types of selection distinguish crop evolution in Sri Lanka namely natural and artificial. These evolutionary processes continue in order to agriculture systems to remain viable. Paddy evolution has been altered by our enhanced ability to produce, locate and access genetic stuff. Both farmers and scientists have relied on the store of genetic diversity present in paddy plants that has been accumulate by hundreds of generations who have observed, selected, multiplied, store, traded and kept variants of paddy plants. 6. Sri Lanka is well thought out as a valuable repository of crop germplasm and agro biodiversity. These varieties show great adaptability to a large range of climatic and soil conditions and pest and infection problems. They also exhibit difference in grain size and quality some with medicinal property and fragrance and others that are used for cultural and formal procedure reasons and also show differences in maturity period. The existence of genetic and species diversity has special significance for the maintenance and improvement of productivity in agricultural crops in Sri Lanka which is characterized by very varied agro-climaticand diverse growing situation. Such variety provides safekeeping for the farmer against disease, pests, drought and other stresses. The genetic variety also allows farmers to develop the full range of highly various microenvironments in the country, conflicting in characteristics such as soil, water, warmth, elevation, slope and fertility. 7. The occurrence of heterogeneous agro ecological situation with seasonal and inter annual difference, socio-cultural and ethnic differences, application of different traditional paddy farming practices including dry and wet land paddy farming, deliberate and inadvertent selection of variety and a choice of systems of beliefs allow to develop various indigenous and traditional paddy cultivation practices and techniques for selection, maintenance and utilization of planting materials. 8. Furthermore these traditional paddy farmers represent centuries of accumulated experience and skills of peasants who often continuous yields under adverse paddy farming environment using locally available resources. The establishment for such paddy farming is comprised of the traditional landraces. Landraces are crop plant populations that have not been bred as variety but have been modified throughout years of natural and artificial variety to the conditions under which they are paddy cultivated. Maintenance of species and genetic diversity in farmers fields is essential to sustainable agriculture, especially for resource-poor farmers practicing agriculture under low-input conditions in marginal lands. Aboriginal knowledge has been brought down from generation to generation and forms part of the information base for a culture. The indigenous knowledge can be defined as local information that is unique to a given civilization or society. Each society has a variety of type of aware ness systems. Indigenous people have a great knowledge of the ecosystem they live in and ways to guarantee that natural resources are used sustainably. Therefore, indigenous awareness which has been accumulating over hundred years has potential value for sustainable development. It can help other people to learn how to live in the natural world in a sustainable approach as well as to increase agronomic practices for paddy cultivation and utilization of materials. 9. The agricultural landscape of the country consists mainly cultivation of rice (780,000 ha), plantation crops such as tea, rubber, coconut, sugarcane, spices (772,000 ha), vegetables (110,000 ha), other field crops (128,000 ha) and home gardens (98,000 ha). Sri Lankas farming systems, particularly rice, other field crops and home gardening have evolved over thousands of years including a rich array of farming systems and cultivated plants such as grains, vegetables, fruits, spices and livestock. New local cultivars have been developed in the agriculture sector formally and informally. In addition, many farmers have selected local landraces. The long history of cultivation, presence of cultural diversity and wide range of eco-edaphic conditions present in the country have resulted in a wide variety of farming practices in Sri Lanka. The following section describes the traditional farming principles and systems reported in Sri Lanka during the survey. TRADITIONAL AND ORGANIC PADDY FARMING SYSTEMS 10. Lowland paddy farming. The most widely practiced farming system in Sri Lanka is lowland paddy farming. Lowland can be defined as areas, which receive enough water or which can be irrigated. The lowland also called Wel yaya  [3]  and is mainly cultivated with rice. In lowlands, rice is the dominant crop both in terms of land use and dietary importance, and it has been the backbone of Sri Lankas agriculture over 2500 years. Lowland paddy farming is started with deep ploughing to create a hard pan at the onset of rain or with irrigated water. Harrowing and leveling under submerged conditions follow ploughing. Initiation of agricultural operations is begun at an auspicious time with special ceremony and rituals. Sowing, transplanting, weeding, pest and disease control, water management, manuring (with compost, cow dung and green matter from plant bio mass) and harvesting are other main operations involved in rice farming and each component has special traditional methods and perf ormances. 11. Upland (organic) paddy cultivation. Upland can be defined as land above the water sources, which therefore can be cultivated only under rain fed conditions or by providing lift irrigation. Following ploughing, the land up to two inches using buffalo and traditional plough, seed paddy soaked overnight is sown when rain is expected. The soil is mixed using a fork. This method increases the soil nutrients and water retention / absorption capacity of soil. Sometimes, broadcast field is covered with straw as mulch, which enhances weed control, soil moisture and nutrient retention. When grasses and hedges are grown in the field, they are cut and allowed to dry for incorporating in the field. The field is turned using hoe. Two to three weeks after turning, harrowing is done. Then seed is broadcast during mild rain. Intensity of management practices such as chemical weeding, fertilising, chemical pest and disease control are very low in this system. Water management is entirely dependent on rainfall. Usually, only is Maha season cultivated with paddy. CHAPTER 4 WHAT IS THE MORDEN AGRICULTURAL POSSIBILITIES IN SRI LANKA 1. Utilization of modern technology in agriculture and related industries can be categorized in several ways. In this study it is being categorized according to the type of streams of technology used. The main areas of technology which are being using in Sri Lankan Paddy farming can be identified as follows: ELECTRO-MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENTS 2. Mechanization of agronomic practices: This includes the crop cultural practices from seed sawing to harvesting In paddy farming the first main step is pre planting land preparation and that is been mechanised with tractors including two wheels and four wheels, ploughs, rotervators, harrows etc. In Sri Lanka this step is highly mechanised specially in commercial paddy farming.Seed sawing or crop establishment is the next main step in paddy farming. There are two main methods called direct seeding and transplanting. Sophisticated machines as well as simple machines are available for the both methods. Still Sri Lankan farming community does not use hi-tech methods for this step The next main step which is been mechanised in paddy farming is harvesting and harvest cleaning. Wide range of machines are using for this process. That includes very sophisticated machines like combine harvesters which harvest, thresh and clean the harvest at once in the paddy field itself 3. Mechanization of post harvesting activities Technology is been using in this step for storing, weighing, threshing, boiling, cleaning and polishing rice. 4. Biological improvements New paddy verities Almost all paddy farmers except very few isolated farmers cultivate improved varieties. The paddy verities been improved for high yield, to minimise lodging, to gain resistively for pest and diseases. This improved the per acre yield in the country over the last three decades 5. New breading technologies New breeding technologies like genetic engineering, germplasm transplants, mutations, selective breeding are extensively using for develop new verities 6. Biological pest and diseases control methods Biological pest and disease control methods are promoting extensively among the farming community to minimize the threat for the environment and as effective and sustainable control method. These include usage of plant extracts as repellents and insecticides, introduction of parasitic insects, introduction of insect pathogens, introduction of sterile technologies etc. 7. Chemical improvements a. Fertilizer This became one of the key inputs of farming and the new improved varieties are highly sensitive for fertilizers. Improvement of fertilizers including chemical components, slow releasing fertilisers like chelates, development of new fertilizer ratios, mixing methods can be considered under this. b. Insecticides Development of new environmental friendly verities like Aparathyroid, new types, new chemicals, new application methods, bio-degradable chemical developments comes under this. c. Herbicides Development of new environmental friendly verities, new types like selective weedicides, new chemicals, new application methods, bio-degradable chemical developments comes under this d. Fungicides Fungal attacks can be effectively controlled by application of fungicides. Development of new environmental friendly verities, new types, new chemicals, new application methods, bio-degradable chemical developments comes under this. There are no effective chemical control methods for bacterial and viral diseases CHAPTER 5 FINDING RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION FINDINGS 1. During the survey it was found that the main problem faced by farmers in Sri Lanka was the insufficient average of traditional agricultural yield. Further high cost of technology , lack of high quality seeds, cost of cultivation, Non awareness of technology and low market prices were the another identified problems in this area. Further I found that following strengths and weaknesses while observing the traditional and modern agriculture in Sri Lanka. a. Production possibilities and potentialities are tremendous in the country. b. Increase of local food production is an urgent need. c. It is pre requisites for acceleration of agricultural transformation and economic growth in the country. d. Production directly affects on the increase of farmers income. e. Increase of production will reduce the level of malnutrition. f. Production market is sensitive areas that affect the political and economical background of the country. 2. Weakness observed in the paddy farming System. a. Low production of traditional farming system and modern farming productivity has discouraged the farming system. b. Land and soil degradation are leading factors for the decision of abundance of paddy farming. c. High Cost of Production has discouraged the farmers. e. here is a wide gap between the potential level and farmer yields. f. Inadequate technology transfer at village level farms. CONCLUSION 3. The general tone of the conclusion of this paper identifies that there are many obstacles and problems in paddy cultivation as well as many opportunities and potentialities for improving the high average of yield in modern and traditional agriculture in Sri Lanka. Modern Agricultural sector plays a very important role in contributing to the economy of the country. Agriculture represent 13% of the countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Rice is the main staple food in Sri Lanka. Paddy sector contributes 16.5 % of the GDP of the agriculture sector. Paddy farmers represent considerable percentage of the labor force of the country. Rice is the oldest crop on earth and rice is the main consumer food in Sri Lanka and the main substitute for rice is the wheat flour. Every Government has identified the importance of the Paddy industry in Sri Lanka. Mahaweli Project is the one of the most successive project done in the country to increase the land available for the paddy cultivation. Howeve r farmers in rural provinces faced many hardships to obtain adequate harvest and revenue from paddy cultivation and other crop cultivation due to lack of new technology. 4. Presently at the country most of farmers are using Traditional agriculture in Sri Lanka and it will effect for there personnel income with out using new technology. Also without using new technology for traditional agriculture in Sri Lanka will not enable to increase of production in agriculture. Mal usage of the modern technology caused low productivity in local agriculture 5. Thus hypotheses of this research can be proven. RECOMMENDATION 6. Implementing programme which can be help for the purpose of the training about new agriculture technology with an aim of encouraging the rest of potion of farming population for new method of farming. 7. Introduction a mechanize system through agriculture department and relevant authority for remote farmers to reach new technology writhing short period of time with its proper efficiency. 8. changing of attitudes in remote farmers towards use of new technology a they are in strongly believe that modern technology can harm there traditional system of agriculture and socio-culture values which they have being practicing for long time of period. 9. Arranging possible educational programme to educate many of farmers about positive impact on the harvest where they will not be reaching through traditional method of agriculture. 10. in order to prevent the risk of loosing traditional occupation in the field of agriculture by using new modern mechanization farmer should be encourage to change their box thinking and seek for positive and possible alternative job opportunities regarding and relevant to the field of agriculture as starting of business of chemical, agriculture equipment, machinery repair and ext. 11. Government should involve specially in this problem with the purpose of upgrading the productivity which can strongly correlated to the national economy as follows. a. implementing the infrastructure specially in remote area b. opening buying centre where farmers can obtain stable income through out the year c. government should provide to facilitate technical support relevant to agricultural industry on free or low cost basis BIBILIOGRAPHY 1. Activating All Powers in Sri Lanka Agriculture- G.K. Upawansa and Rukman Wagachchi 2. Handy guide to agriculture by Dr. Thilak T. Ranasinghe 3. Directory of Research Centers in Sri Lanka 4. National Agricultural Information Network 5. A Policy Rule for the Liberalization of Agriculture in Sri Lanka HN Thenuwara 6. Rice production on acid soils of the tropics by EN Ponnamperuma 7. Harti agricultural commodity review 2006 8. Harti agricultural commodity review 2007 9. Harti agricultural commodity review 2008 Web Sites Referred 10. www.seedquest.com/News/releases/2007/may/19217.htm 11. http://www.agridept.gov.lk 12. http://www.statistics.gov.lk 13. www.sttistics.gov.lk ANNEX A QUESTIONNAIRE 1. This Questionnaire to find out to main issues encountered by the paddy cultivation in Sri Lanka and also to find out the possibility to improve the industry with new technology. This is only for the training purposes. 2. All information provided will be treated as a Confidential; please do not provide your name or any other details other than required details. Those details will not be an impact on your cultivation. 3. This Questionnaire will help me to assess the main issues faced by the impact of new technology for tradition agriculture in Sri Lanka. After completion the Questionnaire please return to Major Sarath Dasanayake by hand or post to following address before 1th March 2011. 4. Further any information and clarification you may write to or call